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In the end the 1989-beginning of 1990, Poland, one of the first among the countries Central and the East Europe has started the radical economic reforms, called to replace a planned economy with market mechanisms of management and development. A wreath of this stage became «shock therapy» when the state has refused influence on pricing and on administration managerial control by a rate of national currency. Deep system transformations demanded intensive re-structuring of all branches of manufacture, liquidation of a significant part of unnecessary capacities and the unprofitable enterprises. It is natural, that this process was accompanied by appreciable decrease in a total internal product of the country. In 1990–1991 of gross national product of Poland has decreased on 18%. However, in comparison with other countries of region, in Poland recession was not so deep and considerably less enduring. It became possible due to fast, consecutive and complex implementation of the program of economic and political reforms of a management of the country. On the other hand, the rate on reforms has been picked up and maintained by all population of Poland which has shown unprecedented enterprise activity. Within two first of economic reforms in the country it has been registered from above 2 million new fine and average enterprises. It has allowed to stop in 1992 regressive processes and to achieve growth of gross national product. All next years reforms in Poland grew, and growth of economy was more appreciable. In 1995–1997 it has reached the apogee and averaged 7% a year that was one of the best parameters all over the world. In 1998 rates of economic growth in Poland were slowed down. But it was required to it of only two years to overcome recession and to begin a new ascension. The national economy again is on rise and is characterized by the tendency to steady growth. In 2003 rates of growth of gross national product have made 3,7%. In 2004 the economy of Poland dynamically develops. In the first quarter of the current year the Total Internal Product has grown on 6,9%. 38% of the population lives in countryside and about 27% works in agricultural facilities in Poland. For lines of regions the agriculture continues to remain the basic sector of economy, in spite of even on constant decrease in the value. Nevertheless, extremely or mainly less than 6% of Poles continue to work in agriculture. The Polish agrarian sector incorporates peasant farms essentially differing on organizational structure, to patterns of ownership, scales and volumes of manufacture. In Poland there is 2,9 million peasant farms, which average size 5,8 hectares. Over 70% of the Polish farms do not exceed 5 hectares, and still their general area is less than 19% from the general territory of agricultural lands. Agricultural lands occupy in 2003 16,2 million hectares that makes about 52% from the general surface of the country. Rural manufacture for two years on end experienced recession, in 2003 on 1,4% (-1,9% in 2002) . Grain crops, especially wheat and rye, are in Poland most important of sowing. The following on value go a potato, forage crops, sugar beet, olive and leguminous. In animal industries prevail swine-breeding and cattle breeding, outstripping poultry farming and the sheep breeding enough distributed in the south of the country. Gardening is well advanced in Poland and provides a wide choice of the fresh and worked up fruit and vegetables. The Polish strawberry and excellent apple juice — are perfectly known and popular equally in the country, as well as abroad. It is important to note, that the Polish agriculture is marked by low use of chemicals. In 2003 application of artificial fertilizers for reception of a grain yield has made 93,6 kg of full fertilizers on 1 hectare arable lands. This fact testifies that Polish agricultural production is, as a rule, non-polluting and useful to health. |
